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門 (生物)

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生物分類學(xué)
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非細(xì)胞生物
細(xì)胞生物

門（英文：動(dòng)物界的門為Phylum，植物界的門為Division[1]）是生物分類法中的一級，位于界和綱之間，有時(shí)在門下也分亞門。目前動(dòng)物界擁有35個(gè)門，植物界則擁有12個(gè)門，許多門種類繁多，例如蛻皮動(dòng)物與有胚植物。

目錄

動(dòng)物門


門 涵義 名稱 分類特征 種類
棘頭動(dòng)物門 Thorny headed worms Thorny-headed worms Reversible spiny proboscis approx. 756
無腔動(dòng)物門 Without gut Acoels No mouth or alimentary canal (alimentary canal = digestive tract in digestive system)
環(huán)節(jié)動(dòng)物門 Little ring Segmented worms 生物體柔軟，分節(jié) 17,000+ extant
節(jié)肢動(dòng)物門 Jointed foot Arthropods 甲殼素外骨骼 1,134,000+
腕足動(dòng)物門 Arm foot Lamp shells Lophophore，有肉莖 300-500 extant
外肛動(dòng)物門 Moss animals Moss animals, sea mats Lophophore，沒有肉莖，ciliated tentacles 5,000 extant
毛顎動(dòng)物門 Longhair jaw Arrow worms 在頭和鰭的兩邊均有幾丁質(zhì)組成的尖刺 approx. 100 extant
脊索動(dòng)物門 Cord Chordates Hollow dorsal nerve cord, 脊索, pharyngeal slits, endostyle, 肛門 approx. 100,000+
刺胞動(dòng)物門 Stinging nettle Coelenterates Nematocysts (stinging cells) approx. 11,000
櫛水母動(dòng)物門 Comb bearer Comb jellies Eight "comb rows" of fused cilia approx. 100 extant
環(huán)口動(dòng)物門 Wheel carrying Symbion Circular mouth surrounded by small cilia 3+
棘皮動(dòng)物門 Spiny skin Echinoderms Fivefold radial symmetry in living forms, mesodermal calcified spines approx. 7,000 extant; approx. 13,000 extinct
內(nèi)肛動(dòng)物門 Inside anus Goblet worm Anus inside ring of cilia approx. 150
腹毛動(dòng)物門 Hair stomach Meiofauna Two terminal adhesive tubes approx. 690
顎胃動(dòng)物門 Jaw orifice Jaw worms approx. 100
半索動(dòng)物門 Half cord Acorn worms, pterobranchs Stomochord in collar, pharyngeal slits approx. 100 extant
動(dòng)吻動(dòng)物門 Motion snout Mud dragons Eleven segments, each with a dorsal plate approx. 150
鎧甲動(dòng)物門 Corset bearer Brush heads Umbrella-like scales at each end approx. 122
微顎動(dòng)物門 Tiny jaw animals — Accordion like extensible thorax 1
軟件動(dòng)物門 Soft Mollusks / molluscs Muscular foot and mantle round shell 112,000[2]
線蟲動(dòng)物門 Thread like Round worms Round cross section, keratin cuticle 80,000–1,000,000
線形動(dòng)物門 Thread form Horsehair worms approx. 320
紐形動(dòng)物門 A sea nymph Ribbon worms approx. 1,200
有爪動(dòng)物門 Claw bearer Velvet worms Legs tipped by chitinous claws approx. 200 extant
直泳蟲門 Straight swim Single layer of ciliated cells surrounding a mass of sex cells approx. 20
帚蟲動(dòng)物門 Zeus's mistress Horseshoe worms U-shaped gut 20
扁盤動(dòng)物門 Plate animals 1
扁形動(dòng)物門 Flat worms Flat worms approx. 25,000[3]
多孔動(dòng)物門* Pore bearer Sponges Perforated interior wall 5,000+ extant
鰓曳動(dòng)物門 Little Priapus 16
菱形蟲門 Lozenge animal — Single axial cell surrounded by ciliated cells 75
輪形動(dòng)物門 Wheel bearer Rotifers Anterior crown of cilia approx. 2,000
星蟲動(dòng)物門 Small tube Peanut worms Mouth surrounded by invertible tentacles 144–320
緩步動(dòng)物門 Slow step Water bears Four segmented body and head 1,000+
異渦動(dòng)物門 Strange flatworm — Ciliated deuterostome 2
Total: 35 2,000,000-
原口動(dòng)物 兩側(cè)對稱動(dòng)物
后口動(dòng)物
存有爭議
其他

植物門

門 涵義 名稱 特征
角苔門 Flower-horn plants Hornworts 喇叭狀的孢子體，無維管束系統(tǒng)
苔蘚植物門 苔蘚植物 Mosses 長壽的不分枝孢子體，無維管束系統(tǒng)
地錢門 Marchantia plants Liverworts 短暫的不分枝孢子體，無維管束系統(tǒng)
石松門 Wolf foot plants Clubmosses & Spikemosses 小型葉，具維管束系統(tǒng)
蕨類植物門 蕨類植物 Ferns & Horsetails Prothallus gametophytes, 具維管束系統(tǒng)
種子蕨門 有種子的蕨 Seed ferns 只從化石得知，多從泥盆紀(jì)，有爭議[4]
松柏門 Sap/pitch plants Conifers Cones containing seeds and wood composed of tracheids
蘇鐵門 Cycads Seeds, crown of compound leaves
銀杏門 銀杏 Ginkgo, Maidenhair Seeds not protected by fruit (single species)
買麻藤門 Gnetophytes Seeds and woody vascular system with vessels
被子植物門 開花植物 Flowering plants Flowers and fruit, vascular system with vessels

參考資料

  1. ↑ Life sciences. The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy. third. Houghton Mifflin Company. 2005 [2008-10-04]. "Phyla in the plant kingdom are frequently called divisions." 
  2. ↑ Feldkamp, S. (2002) Modern Biology. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, USA. (pp. 725)
  3. ↑ Species Register. Flatworms — Phylum Platyhelminthes. Marine Discovery Centres [2007-04-09]. 
  4. ↑ "Kingdom Plantae Tree of Life". 

外部連結(jié)

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